During the surgical procedure, if the gloves are contaminated, they need to be replaced immediately to avoid causing an infection for the patient.
This is not a waste by the doctor but rather a consideration for surgical safety.
Even the simplest amputation in ancient times could lead to infection and the patient's death. In ancient times, when medicine was undeveloped, the mortality rate for those whose limbs were amputated was extremely high.
Here, we must praise the traditional Chinese medicine of China.
The earliest full-body anesthesia surgery started with Hua Tuo during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Even back then, abdominal surgeries to remove tumors were possible. There are accounts of these in both official and unofficial histories, and there should be no doubt about that.
In fact, some of the surgical hemostasis and infection prevention methods invented by the ancients in China existed even before the Eastern Han.
